Revlon website Essay Example for Free

Revlon web come out EssayCsikszentmihalyi (1975, p. 36 cited in Rettie, 2001) states that flow is the holistic experience that people odour when they act with total involvement. Further, Hoffman and Novak (1996, p. 57 cited in Rettie, 2001) believes that flow is something which foot stick you done. Further, it is said that flow rump be attri entirelyed towards repeat usage. Which means, if a consumer is provided something exciting on the website, then probability of consumer visiting website again is actually high?In context of Revlon, a consumer visiting website wants to see something different, he wants to rush an experience and if that does not happen, them the consumer impart not visit the site again. Now, the question is, what Revlon is offering to the audience is very much same as any otherwise website is offering. Revlon is offering a make up look which is not even personalized. This will not increase the traffic on the website and will not lead to consumer satisf action. Currently, Revlon website is offering very minimal services. The site is not very flashy as it is one of the glamorous companies.Its contests LOreal has flashy sites with lots of features (Loreal. com) which are missing in Revlon. In a survey done by Csikszentmihalyi (cited in Rettie, 2001) the research involves finding the flow of in variantation was that older woman prefer that if in that respect is interactivity on the site (i. e. if there is lots of things to do on the site they will prefer to go on that site again and again. But if there is no interactivity on the site it does not interest the consumer). Revlon website offers very limited interactivity to the clients, which wont help Revlon to attract new customers and provide satisfaction to old customers.Currently, Revlon site is offering e-mails to consumers. But do Consumers really bother about these e-mails. Hoffman and Novak, 1997, Rettie, 2001, Smith and Shivkumar, 2004 (cited in Chaffey et al, 2006) believes t hat flow of information is important for site usability. Further, Chaffey et al,(2006) believes that flow for online marketing can be defined as information or experience, which consumer has when he moves from one page to another and also includes interactions like filling forms etc. When this theory was applied to Revlon website, it showed that navigating from one page to other is not difficult and is quite easy.But when it comes to interactivity Revlon cannot compete with LOreal as LOreal offers more tools for interactivity then Revlon. Strauss and Frost (1999) suggest that customers want speed, convenience on top motley when they get from one page to another. Consumer does not want to spend their time on giving password on the net rather they prefer to have user friendly method on the internet. This is important for the flow of information through the website. The more the website saves time and efforts of the consumer the more likely it is for the consumer to visit the site gai n.This will help to increase the customer satisfaction and enhance interactivity on the COMPETITIOR ANALYSIS Revlon is sweetie care Product Company for woman. Its main direct competitors are LOreal, Maybelline. consort to Chaffey et al (2006) benchmarking competitors website should be based on companies marketing performance, financial performance, marketing communication techniques and services offered. In context of interactivity, marketing communications techniques and services offered should be taken into account for competitors analysis. Based on the above analysis, the good words are made for Revlon to come up to its competitors.Revlons competitors have strong interactivity on the website which Revlon is lacking, therefore, future recommendations are raise so that Revlon also increases its interactivity on the website and increases the customer satisfaction and interaction. RECOMMENDATIONS After analyzing Revlon website and the competitors. The following recommendations ar e made which will help Revlon to understand its customer needs and leads to customer satisfaction through interactive media. In view of Avery, Calder and Iacobucci (1998), interactive media has enormous growth.It is used to identify customer needs, sharing of information and creating an experience for the customer. According to Borges, Couto, Natario and Braga (2007), the throw up of online communication tool is growing with way of support and involving customers and communicating between one to many. In view of Hoffman, Novak, Schlosser, 2000 and Constantinides (2002 cited in Borges et al,2007) internet is not only a place which represents companys image. The main aim of the internet is to attract more customers and changing occasional visitors to prospective customers.With the support of above theories, the below are some of the recommendation to Revlon in order to increase their interactivity on the website, thus it will help to satisfy customers and will help to identify prospe ctive clients as well. 1 ONLINE FORUMS Revlon presently, has no forums (imediacommunication, 2004). Revlon should develop forums which will help customers to interact with each other and with organization also. Chaffey et al(2006) suggests that forums are the means to promote the services of the website. It is a way of connecting to the community.According to Howard (2000) it is indwelling for a company to innovate on the internet by hosting on line forums, stage on line contest, live messages etc. Loreal, which is the direct competitor of Revlon, has forum, where customer can post their comments, chat with each other, participate in polls, LOreal has online live discussion forum as well (LOreal. com). According to Siegel (2006), forums are an trenchant way of communicate online and sharing information with people. He has provided an example of Kraft Foods interactive Kitchen where consumers share recipes and email their comments on the site.The best example for forums is YouTube, where customer can leave their comment, can discuss videos with members. Revlon should start opinion poll service, live discussion, sharing of videos on their website. Even though Revlon has certain blogs on search engines but they do not belong to the website. Customers will not find blogs in search engines to post comment, they will visit website to do so. 2 Blogs One of the most(prenominal) common tools for interactive communication is blogging. Blogs can be defined as webpages which are developed or used online for publishing web pages.These Blogs have comments and feedback form which makes consumer feel good. Blogs are also gets comments from other sites as well. These have been successful in media environment (Chaffey et al, 2006). According to Business Blog Consulting customers feel that Revlon should come with blogs where women can discuss their product research, can share good piece of information with other women and even develop online community. Revlon website should s tart Blog for its customers where they feel that they are elusive in company. They can share information about recent style, trends across the world.In view of Russo (2007) where the power of blog can be known is from Perez Hiltons celebrity gossip blogger where he has created a blog which he constantly updates, makes his readers involved by publishing gossips, pictures. Revlon should form a blog which should focus on beauty and cosmetic tips given by its celebrity endorser and consumer can ask questions, post comments about beauty and cosmetics and to create positive effect of their services through these blogs. Revlon should also start competition games for beauty and cosmetic quiz type and then reward the audiences according to some points.

Determinism vs Free

Determinism vs Free Will EssayAbstract In this analyse I impart define determinism, I will in like manner define spare will. I will answer question in a duologue with and imaginary Socrates. In my dialogue I will give clear and conclusive answers and I will use the socratic method. I will also provide ideals when affirmable, or needed. Determinism vs Free Will Socrates What is the definition of determinism? April Determinism is a belief in the inevitability of causation. Everything that happens is the only possible thing that could happen (Baumeister,2009). Socrates What is the definition of abandon will?April Free Will is the ability to trimly choose one of several possibile alternatives, to make decisions the outcome of which is and cannot be known in advance (Voss,2007). Socrates Do you agree that every event has an explanatory cause? April Yes I do, Everything happens for a reason. Socrates How do you define event? April I would define even as something that happens . For example like a birth or a wedding. (Solomon,2010) Socrates How do you define explanatory cause? April An explanatory cause is the assumption that every event in the universe including our own actions, can be explained and understood.(Solomon,2010) Socrates Do you agree that every man choice or event has an explanatory cause? April Yes I absolutely agree, because every charitable choice and action has an explanatory cause. (Solomon,2010) Socrates How do you define humans choice? April Human choice is the choice of humans to make a decision that is free of outside influences, because we (people) are the only ones responsible for the decisions we make every day. Socrates How do you define human event? April Human events are the things (events) that happens to human beings in their life, like getting married, having children, going to college, and even death.Socrates Are they varied? April Yes, I think human choice and human event are different, because human choice is the dec ision you make, and human event is what will happen from your decision. For example you go on a date with this guy (human choice) and then you two reelect in love and get married (human event). Socrates Do you agree that to tolerate an explanatory cause is to not be free? April No, because that would mean that no human choice or action would be free and as a reaction to that there would be no choices or actions. (Solomon,2010) Socrates How do you define free?April Freedom means that we can deliberate about what to do, it means that the future seems opened, it also entails that we should be praised and blamed for our actions, since we have a choice. (Cuddy,2008) Socrates Do you think that free will and determinism can co subsist in anyway? April Yes, I believe that free will and determinism can coexist, because even though we have free will and can do what we want, when we want, at the same time our freedom has rules (laws) that are there to guide us and let us know what is right a nd wrong.(Sturman,2013) Socrates Is it possible to have external determinism and internal free will? April Well, I think that maybe it is possible to have external determinism, but not possible to have internal free will, because no such thing as internal or external free will exist, however though external determinism does exist and it refers to the external influences that are out of our control. For example say that a successful and rich movie star has a child, that child will grow up and be a rich and successful movie star also. (Solomon,2010).In conclusion free will and determinism is something that will always be questioned by different people for years to come, but for now here is my beliefs in this dialogue with an imaginary Socrates. I defined determinism and free will and I also answered umpteen questions from Socrates, and inconclusively yes determinism and free will can coexist and i have realized we are not complately free because we have rules (laws) to follow and abi de by. For the intimately part we are the people we are because of determinism and free will. References Baumeister, Ray (2009).Cultural Animal. How we find Meaning in Life. Retrieved from https//www. psychologytoday. com Cuddy, Luke (2008). Determinism vs freewill. Retrieved from https//www. neo-philosophy. com Solomon, R. C. , Higgins, K. M. (2010). The Big Questions. A Short Introduction to Philosophy. Retrieved from https//www. coursesmart. com Sturman, Henry. (2013). Freewill and Determinism. Retrieved from https//www. henrysturman. com/articles/freewill. html Voss, Peter. (2007). The Nature of Freewill. Retrieved from https//www.. optimal. org/peter/freewill. html.

A Study Of Semantics and Pragmatics Interface Essay

A Study Of Semantics and Pragmatics Interface EssayGrice suggests that there is an app argonnt division of campaign surrounded by semantics and practicals in terms of saying and implicating. For every linguistically acceptable sentence of a language, a semantic theory delivers truth-conditions that have been transplanted onto a Gricean discern of the semantics- matter-of-facts divide. As a result, m some(prenominal) people conceive that truth-conditions can be put in a way that they are necessarily free from virtual(a) considerations. Some argue by challenging the view for pragmatic intrusion into truth-conditional content while others insist preserving a pragmatically clean conception of semantics. line of descenting proposals appear in supporting these controversial arguments. In this paper, I will focus on studying the boundary between semantics and pragmatics, and examining their interface.LINGUISTIC BACKGROUNDSemantics and pragmatics are both involving sophisticated met hods of studying inwardness with different focuses where semantics focuses on the relation between signifiers, such as rowing, phrases, signs and symbols, and what they stand for, their de nonata while pragmatics studies the ways in which scene contributes to close. The key issue is whether their objects to be analyzed can be separated from each other or if each sub-discipline can give wholeness any(prenominal)one object called nub.Semantics was conventionally responsible for compositionally deduced sentence consequence, in which there is a combination of the meanings of lexical items and the structure involved. Unquestionably, the truth-conditional semantics is the best positive approach to sentence meaning. It appears that such semi-formal methods allow the translation of vague and evasive sentences of natural language into a precise metalanguage of predicate logic with the provision of sense-making logical forms.Pragmatics was recognized as a study of utterance inte nded meaning, and so it is the meaning in context, and was hence undertaking with a different aspect of field to be studied. It was in like manner regarded as a separate enterprise with different object of study.Yet, the so-called semantic under-determination view was created as the boundary between semantics and pragmatics began to be blurred. This view was a revolutionary idea for the theory of language meaning in response to generative semantics that was prevalent in 1960s and 1970s where attempts of syntactic meaning were inclined to primarily pragmatic situations. The importance of the Oxford ordinary language philosophers should be noted to show the way to the study of pragmatic inference and its supplement to truth-conditional representation, now know as Gricean intended meaning with inherent truth-conditions.SEMANTICS / PRAGMATICS INTERFACESemantics / Pragmatics DistinctionBy convention, we spoke of the distinction between semantics and pragmatics as differentiation betwee n the meaning of words (semantics) on the one hand and how the speaker made use of words (pragmatics) on the other. This characterization is however loose and ineffective. For instance, the study of indexical expressions such as I and yesterday shows that different occasion of use can have different denotations in the word concerned. Notwithstanding, a definite tralatitious meaning is effectuate from each indexical word type, that is, there is no variation in a meaning from context to context. In fact, to a greater extremity precision is required.According to Richard Heck (2001), some terms such as the number determiners two and three, or proper names such as Bill Clinton and George Bush are deemed as having a stable standing meaning in such a way that they are referring to the same object or property. Other terms like I, here, or this and so on have unstable standing meanings in the sense that, in different contexts, they can be utilize to refer to different objects. For exampl e, the traditional meaning of I in English does not have variation across contexts standard meaning is used in every context in bargain with the meaning of I which is (roughly) the same as the speaker in the context.In a context, however, George Bush uses I to refer to himself, when I is in agreement with its standing meaning. In contrast, Gray Davis uses I in agreement with its standing meaning to refer to himself as well, that is, Gray Davis. According to Perry (2001), however, we prefer applying the concept of denotive content which has a wider usage to just using referential expressions in contexts. In other words, standing meaning of a term is context-constant while referential content of a term is the object, property, or function that it has as its content in a context which is conceivably distinct from its standing meaning.Semantics / Pragmatics BoundaryRajman (2007) points disclose that the boundary between semantics and pragmatics is very critical in view of the constra int of linguistic processes. Traditionally, semantics is in charge of conventional or lexical, i.e. unvoidable meanings, as discount and meaning are supposed to have (for example, Paul killed Peter Peter is dead). And, pragmatics has taken charge of meaning in context in relation to informal implicatures, which is presumptively nonconventional. Metaphors and irony are two of the typical examples of nonconventional meaning (conversational implicatures) (Rajman, 2007). The Gricean view has challenged the classical view that the semantics-pragmatics boundary is not connected to the disagreement between conventional meaning and meaning in context. Actually, Grice has defined form and meaning of words as conventional implicatures. In (1.1)-(1.3) below, words like redden, therefore, but are responsible for particularized meanings (Ivan is not expected to like Iris, there is a semantic entailment between being an American and being break speak, and there is a semantic contrast betw een having children and being a lawyer)Even Ivan likes Iris. (1.1)Joe is an American he is, therefore, outspoken. (1.2)Stephanie has five children, but she is a lawyer. (1.3)The difference between truth-functional meaning (what is utter) and non-truth-functional meaning (what is communicated) earmarks the boundary between semantics and pragmatics. Pragmatics is therefore defined meaning minus truth-conditions. The domain of pragmatics is therefore confined to two types of implicatures in Grices perspective, namely, conventional implicatures and conversational implicatures.Specific expressions may initiate the entailment of conventional implicatures which, as Rajman (2007) suggests, they have separable (the implicature is attached to a specific word), non-deletable (a conventional implicature cannot be negated) and non-truth-functional (the content of the implicature does not involve in the truth-conditions of the sentence) meanings. In (1.1), even initiates at to the lowest degre e two conventional implicatures, given in (1.4) and (1.5)Even Ivan likes Iris. (1.1)People other than Ivan like Iris. (1.4)Among these people, Ivan is the less expected to like Iris. (1.5)Obviously, these meanings do not provide the truth-conditions for what is mentioned, that is the proposition (1.6)Ivan likes Iris. (1.6)Conversational implicatures resulting from a linguistic expression initiates in the use of one conversational maxim (generalized conversational implicature) or not (particularized conversational implicature). The conversational implicatures are non-conventional (resulting from conversational maxims), non-separable (the implicature is attached to a meaning), deletable (implicatures can be canceled) and as conventional implicatures, non-truth-functional. A conventional generalized conversational implicature have a temporal meaning of and (and then), as in (1.7)Michael pushed Daniel and Daniel fell. (1.7)PRAGMATIC INTRUSION AT THE SEMANTICS / PRAGMATICS INTERFACEGrice (1978) noted that there is a need to take into consideration of pragmatic processes of disambiguation and interview assignment to indexical expressions before assessing the sentences truth conditions. In addition, Kempson (1975, 1979, 1986) and Atlas (1977, 1979, 1989) believe that negation in English should not be recognized as ambiguous between narrow-scope and wide-scope, yet, it was semantically underdetermined instead. That means, on the basis of the recovery of the speakers intentions, the widely known example (2.1) is not semantically ambiguous between (2.2) and (2.3) but the range of negation is utilize pragmatically in each particular utterance instead.(2.1) The queen of England is not bald.(2.2) x (QoE(x) y (QoE(y) y = x) insolent (x))(2.3) x (QoE(x) y (QoE(y) y = x) Bald (x))(2.2) is a presupposing reading the person who fulfils as the property of the queen of England contains only one person and whoever satisfies this requirement is not bald. The reading in (2. 3) is non-presupposing the queen of England is not bald as no such person ever exists. It is because (2.2) entails (2.3) that the semantic underdetermination (sense-generality) view has both formal and cognitive support in which the boundary has call on more and more unclear. According to this view, semantic analysis uncovers only part of the utterance meaning which pragmatic enrichment may complete this process. For instance, sentence (3.1) is naturally developed with the outcome sense before being put under the test of the truth-conditional analysis as in (3.2).(3.1) Timothy dropped the camera and it broke.(3.2) Timothy dropped the camera and as a result it broke.Major concern goes to delimitation of the scope of such an enhanced, truth-conditional representation, called what is said (Recanati, 1989) or explicature (Sperber Wilson, 1986 Carston, 1988) opposite to implicatures. Carston (1988) reasons that as long as the enhanced meaning has reached an optimal relevance level unde r the Relevance Theory of Sperber and Wilson (1986), such enhancement process can be stopped accordingly.Another post-Gricean boundary challenge provides with a so-called middle level of meaning. For Bach (1994, 2001) and Horn (2006), both what is said and what is implicated count. People often speak blurredly and non-literally and it is more quickly to do so since inference is fast, while utterance is relatively inefficient. For instance, (4.1) may be spoken by a father comforting his little son who skip over his finger (Bach, 1994). But what the father meant was not the content of the sentence alone (the minimal proposition in (4.2)) but instead an extension in (4.3).(4.1) You are not going to die, George.(4.2) There is no future date at which you will die, George.(4.3) You are not going to die from this cut, George.Under the same condition, spoken sentences which are incomplete semantically, although they correspond to complete syntactic forms, like (5.1), are further completed to show the utterance meaning, as from the example in (5.2).(5.1) tomcat is not good enough.(5.2) Tom is not a good enough singer to be a star in Hong Kong.They are unvoicedures as they are implicit in what is uttered, under such extension and completions, which are neither what is said nor implicatures as perceived. The middle level of meaning is formed, while the label what is said is designated for what is explicitly said.Default semantics (Jaszczolt, 2005) represents an opposite view, in which a representation of spoken meaning is created as a combination of various output linguistic and non-linguistic sources. The unite representation comprises word meaning and sentence structure, cognitive assumptions, social-cultural assumptions, and conscious pragmatic inference, which is the mere level of meaning and its construction, does not give preference to any of the sources mentioned above. If that implicit proposition is the fundamental intended meaning, the logical form of the s poken sentence may uncommonly be replaced by an implicit form, for example, (4.4).(4.4) There is nothing to business concern about, George.According to the principles of pragmatic compositionality (Recanati, 2004), the formation of meaning is continuing even if the explicit/implicit distinction may cause many theoretical disputes and much data-based research to be conducted. The field was mainly divided into those who accepted the default semantics (e.g., Levinson, 2000 Horn, 2004 Recanati, 2004, 2007 Jaszczolt, 2005), and those in whom pragmatic additions are always inferential (Sperber Wilson, 1995 Carston, 2002, 2007). Up to that time period, post-Griceans more or less followed contextualism in a way that pragmatic processes might affect the truth conditions of the spoken meaning.COMMUNICATION AT THE SEMANTICS / PRAGMATICS INTERFACEIn pragmatics, a speaker can express a thought without really putting it into words. He can say one thing but may mean something else. For communica ting something to someone, the speaker has to make clear the utterance even if it does not convey what he intends to express. The hearer has a task of understanding the speaker to the extent that he has to recognize the communicative intention of the speaker in producing the utterance and in particular, to identify the meaning of speaker. The hearer also needs to figure out what has happened in the given situation that the speaker spoke that sentence with that meaning.An utterance Mary has beautiful handwriting and her English is grammatical may be used as an evaluation of Marys philosophical ability to implicate that Mary is no good at philosophy (Grice, 1961). Moore (1942) gives a pragmatic contradiction of an utterance puff is white, but I dont believe it, which may mean you are denying what you have just maintained (snow is white). A capable hearer grasps the semantic contents of a sentence by understanding that the language acts as a function of its constituents in relation t o syntactic structure. Bach (2010) suggests that there should not be any intermediate level of meaning existed between the semantic contents of a sentence and the speakers communicative intention in uttering it. Rather, the speakers act of uttering that sentence may machinate additional information to help hearer understand its contents.Bach (2010) further remarks that it is utterances quite a than sentences that contain the primary linguistic items with truth-conditional contents. Utterances are the only available sphere matter for truth-conditional semantics as what Recanati (2004) prefers as truth-conditional pragmatics. In communication, as Bach (2010) points out, the job for pragmatics is not to offer a representative for semantics but to explain how incomplete sentences in semantics can be used to convey complete meaning.TEACHING PRAGMATICSThere are three major questions requiring further exploration 1) what chances are given in language classroom for developing L2 pragmati c ability 2) can pragmatic ability be developed in a classroom setting without belief pragmatically and 3) what effects do different instructional approaches have on the ontogeny of pragmatics. Classroom research can be called upon to address the first and trine questions, including the resources, processes, and limitations of classroom learning, with exploration be done through data-based studies in classroom settings. Those who are beginners to the field can draw relevance from the sea of writings on educational research in general and second language classroom research in specific. Hence, we can gain insight acquired for the research of classroom-based interlanguage pragmatics (e.g., Chaudron, 1988 Allwright Bailey, 1991). Literature search on question one and question three shows the deficiency as to the provision of direct direction strategies in pragmatics that uncovers at least two limitations, for example, teacher-fronted teaching and potentials for pragmatic developm ent over time (Kasper, 2006).As for the answers to the second question, it is related to whether pragmatic ability can be developed without classroom instruction where such relevance can be drawn from the pragmatics and interlanguage pragmatics literature. It is free of charge for the adult learners to get a certain amount of L2 pragmatic knowledge because of the universal property of some pragmatic knowledge (e.g., Blum-Kulka, 1991 Ochs, 1996), and other aspects of pragmatic knowledge may be learnt from L1 users. Theories and research studies in recent eld provide plenty of universal features in discourse and pragmatics. Through taking turns and sequencing of contributions, conversational organization is a universal property of spoken interactive discourse, which may vary in cultural and contextual implementations, among others. Making use of cues in the utterance, context information and different kinds of knowledge origins, speakers and listeners are able to transport confirmat ive pragmatic intent and implicit meaning to each other (Gumperz, 1996).DISCUSSIONThe use of semantic underdetermination and the recognition of pragmatic inference about the speakers intentions have establish more and more popular. The same applies to the conversion of some of the context-bound information into the semantic content. As a result, two disciplines which are originally separate in nature, namely, the formal study of sentence meaning and the informal study of speech acts have become indistinguishable. The centre of attention has thus been focused on the utterance rather than the sentences. Throughout the past three decades, however, the direction of change has not been consistent. There are a number of suggestions that maintain semantics and pragmatics as two separate disciplines where one school of thought suggests keeping the objectives of semantics and pragmatics distinguishable.Regarding pragmatics learning, Kasper (2006) appeals for more classroom research on pragm atics teaching that could relate learning outcomes to classroom processes. It may include longitudinal reflexion of classroom discourse as well as explorations of students and teachers subjective theories about L2 pragmatics and how pragmatics competence could best be developed in pedagogical context (e.g., target-based teaching on complimenting, conversational closings and so on), thus enabling ongoing exploration of substantive and methodological issues.CONCLUSIONThe study of semantics / pragmatics interface can tell the difference between what is said and what is communicated within the context in question, which can be supplemented by pragmatic intrusion at their interface to achieve the purpose of disambiguation and reference making to indexical expressions. Hence, the job of pragmatics is intended to convey near-complete meaning in communication. Learning of pragmatics definitely can help learners to understand the utterance intended meaning that goes beyond what is given by the language form. More classroom research can be done on pragmatics teaching to address the questions of learning opportunities for the development of L2 pragmatic ability in language classroom, and effects of different instructional approaches that can help develop such pragmatic ability.

Impact Of Celebrity Endorsement On Consumer Purchase Intention Marketing Essay

Impact Of Celebrity Endorsement On Consumer leveraging Intention Marketing EssayCelebrity endorsement has be hump a novel daylight staple of make bashnment st stridegies, habituated to create distinctive competencies in increasingly competitive industries. This is especially the case with the telecom sector of Pakistan, which is one of the countrys close profitable industries and thus the direct of competition is fierce and companies often resort to repute endorsement to impact consumer acquire intention. This research psychoanalyze aims to study the spirit of the relationship mingled with write up endorsement variables and purchase intention.The subroutine of previous studies in this field has created a common set of variables that combine to form the fame endorsement positionor and as much(prenominal) these variables have been extracted from the literature review. The identified variables are regard-fit, place recognition, likeability, trustworthiness and attr activeness.The research primarily used a valued method for analysis as the author wanted the results to be less subject to the authors own intuition and thus his own bias. This analysis was obtained from questionnaires and formed the primer of the data used to regress the variables with each other.Overall, the regression and cross tabulation results concluded that all five variables had a significant impact on purchase intention with brand recognition and trustworthiness being given the highest value by consumers in terms of affecting their purchase intention.AcknowledgementsI would like to limited my gratitude to all those who helped me during the whole of my project. I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Professor Fareedy who has offered me invaluable advice throughout the project. He has spent time and energy to aid in the completion of this project and none of this would have been possible without his patient instructions, insightful criticisms and expert guidan ce.I would also acknowledge the enormous support and advice received from my salutary friend, Ammar Hameed, without whom this thesis would not have been of the quality that it is now.Table of ContentsChapter I OverviewIntroductionAdvertisement plays a vital role in the economy it is the arse upon which this fast paced world learns whats new and available. To sell a increase in the competitive global food commercialize has become a challenging task. Homogenous merchandises and brands take form it difficult to choose from. Minor tweaks in design and voila a new product is ready for the shelves.However advert is major difference between the brands and their products and assistances. In mark to survive in this trade, companies require sales to increase which would establish a label for the follow seemingly creates a sense of be yearning between the consumer and the product. This sense of belonging is awakened in the hearts of the purchasers by going along with celebrity endor sements where consumers can relate to their favorite celebrity that leads on to influencing regard for that brands product or service.When relating to celebrities, it is vital that companies choose celebrities who are up in the popular rating hence strengthening the scope of accomplishment in gaining commercialise share for the particular brand, product or a service. It can be said that the popularity and the association of the celebrity with the brand has a direct relationship. As the popularity level goes up, so does the image of the brand in question.The basic idea of the endorsement is quite simple. General consensus is that people like celebrities, if those celebrities say that they like a product or a service naturally people will like what they like. It is as if by magic celebrities transfer their popularity from themselves to the products. Endorsement also might interpret quality or any other related virtue. In install to sell a product we lead to advertise and what cou ld be better than to advertise on the shoulders of already successful sales i.e. celebrities.It is thus that this research project seeks to understand the how celebrities, and specifically their attributes affect, both positively and negatively, the purchase intention of the consumers and hence the designation Impact of celebrity endorsers attributes on consumer purchase intentionBackgroundThe history of celebrity endorsement of products dates back to the 1760s. Josiah Wedgwood, the founder of the Wedgwood brand of pottery and chinaware, also called the founder of the modern brand he used royal endorsements with regard to his brand to create a sense of aura and position the brand in such a way as to exceed its value in comparison to the value created by the product and services offered. The cigarette industry signed on entertainment personalities and used them in its ads in 1905.Since radio became commercial in the late 20s and the invention of TV screens in the 40s, celebrities have done commercials. Western glossiness has always flocked to the notion of a celebrity driven culture whereby celebrities dictate the trends of the post-modern materialistic culture. Endorsements help the companies to gain strength in the market in order to be part of the consumers purchase basket. By doing so, sunrise companies prosper and develop into bug giants. Celebrities have a growing interest of the consumer population hence that image and aura is used in relation to a brand to influence the purchase decisions of people all around. This mechanism allows for change in tastes and interests with regard to the celebrity endorsement.Aristotle once said, Any brand can put up a celebrity that is easy but getting a celebrity consistent with the right brand to the right degree at the right time for the right purpose and in the right way that is not easy.Significance of the StudyThe usage of famous ambassadors or celebrities in the section of marketing intervention and communic ations is growing since the late 1970s and has exalted to a percentage of nearly 25% at the end of the 1990s. Some researches show a positive direct economic effect of these famous endorsements despite they are very expensive. It ought to be of greath worth to the companies to know what product/brand goes with which celebrity in light of the expected outcome. Celebrity endorsements amount to millions of dollars in investments and the investment has to be on the mark to produce breeding results. However to ensure soundness of the investment, appropriate time and money is alloted to the marketing part to match the product with the celebrity keeping in view the popularity be of the celebrity in question with forecasted predictions of his/her future public stance. This research measures the Impact of celebrity endorsers attributes on consumer purchase intention to keep a check on the consumers behavior patterns in relation to the associated celebrity endorsement. However, Although, m arketing strategies if intumesce directed could improve the message getting across thus creating a suitable concern between the brand and the celebrity. In light of this, the planning process of the message and the brand equity management should cater to the celebrity appropriately.The research itself would focus on Lowe Raufs invitee, Nestle and how celebrity endorsements affect consumer purchase behavior and brand equity for milk. The milk industry in Pakistan is an ever growing industry with triple competitors and multiple ad agencies vying to create effective communication channels for these brands. Milkpak for the first time in Pakistan is not the market leader and as such the use of celebrity endorsement is an effective way of readdressing that balance.Time FrameThe time frame for this research project is 5 months, starting from August and ending in December. look for Proposal Submission (August 2012)Revisions to Proposal (1st folk 2012)Literature Review (1st September 2 012)Hypothesis Generation (1st September 2012)Theoretical Framework (1st September 2012)Methodology (1st September 2012)Data accrual (22nd September 2012)Data Compilation (6th October 2012)Data Analysis (13th October 2012)Results and Findings (20th October 2012)Final Submission (3rd November 30th 2012) imagingsZakria Fawad ( taradiddle Manager, Nestle) served as the primary source of reference as he handles the Nestle and Stylo accounts within the firm.Prior case studies generated by Lowe and Rauf also served to help gather further information of the research topic and as such was a useful resource.The GM, Anwar Kabir, was the secondary source of information, providing further insight as to the workings of the firm at a macro level.Chapter II Lowe RaufLowe RaufLowe Rauf, Pakistan is an affiliate of Lowe and Partners international, which itself is a unit of Interpublic Group, one of the four biggest advertisement companies in the world.Situated in Karachi, Lowe Rauf firsts estab lished itself in Pakistan in 1951 as an in-house agency of Unilever and gradually morphed into an independent company after a decade. This new independent company was called R-Lintas and was headed by Mr. Rauf who saw it grow and morph into one of the key players in Pakistans advertising industry.In the mid(prenominal) 90s, R-Lintas opened its doors to the Lahore market as well and has been thriving ever since in the city, creating many memorable campagins for some of the largest players in the industry, including but not limited to Lux, Dalda, Nestle, Unilever Foods, Unilever Non Foods.In 2003, R-Lintas was taken oer by Lowe and Partners International and was changed to Lowe Rauf Pakistan ever since with a new philosophy that focuses on fusing local ideas into everyday products that is known in its offices as, Populist Creativity. delegating Statement Populist Creativity engage the many not the a few(prenominal) to achieve top node satisfactionVision Statement To create the ar ound significant, cultural and profitable IMCs in PakistanClients Surf Excel, Walls, Nestle (all products), Mitchells, Rexona, Knorr, GFC fans and Stylo shoes. The Lahore office specifically caters to Nestle, GFC, Mitchells and Stylo.The most famous fight downs includeKha Badami for WallsDaagh tau achay hotay hain for Surf ExcelCommander sentry go for SafeguardRio Biscuits from Rio for Peak FreansGoals Objectives (2012)Continuous and stringent current leaf node satisfaction for the next 3 yearsDevelop effective communication channels with current client affiliatesIncrease research into changing consumer expectations based on the past 5 yearsBuild and sustain corporate relationship with overseas subsidiariesCreate IMC programs that consistently challenge, innovate and surpriseAttract top industry clients whose subscribe terms with rivals are about to be expiredIMC Services OfferedIMC system FormulationTVC push Planning, Creation ExecutionPrint Media Campaign Planning, Creati on ExecutionDigital Media Campaign Planning, Creation ExecutionMedia ProductionMedia BuyingPublic Relations Strategy Press ReleasesMarket ResearchOrganizational StructureThe Interpublic Group of Companies sits at the top of the chart with Lowe Partners followed by the local agency, Lowe Rauf, within Lowe Rauf, the Lahore office and the Karachi office utilisation independently, with differing clientele. The Karachi office has eight different departments which include estimate Service, Account Planning, inventive, Finance, Media Buying, Production, Human Resource and Research. The Lahore office shares these resources for some functions, while running independently for others and thus it has little set of departments. It has a separate, Account Service, Creative, Media Buying and Production department, while the rest are shared with the Karachi office.Organizational ChartSource Lowe Rauf, Pakistan (2012). Organizational Structure, People Procedures Manual, pp. 3Functional discussion sectionsAccount Service Department This department acts as a liaison between the agency and the client. It is responsible for maintaining the client portfolio along with working with the creative department and the client to ensure that information flows smoothly and to maintain a good working relationship with the client so that future work can also be brought in. The account services department, typically the account executive works to create a creative brief, which forms as the basis upon which the creative department comes up with ideas.Account Planning Department The role of the account planning department is fundamentally to formulate a strategy that will drive all campaign objectives send in a manner that is consistent with the agencys goals as well as the clients needs and the consumer perception of the brand in question. It is thus the most important department in the agency. Account planners frequently work with the research department because it is based on th e information provided by the research team that they form their strategy and plans.Creative Department The creative department is responsible for coming up with ideas for all campaigns. They use the creative brief provided by the account service department and use that to create print and TVC advertisements. The concepts created by this department are related back to the account service department which shows them to the client for approval. Often creative need to come up with multiple concepts because clients can be finicky and choosy.Media Production Department The media production department is responsible for producing the TVC or print idea that the creative department has come up with. Once the final idea for the advertisement has been approved by the client, this department works with the creative department to create the advertisement so that a final form can be aired on television or published in newspapers, magazines etc.Media Buying Department The media buyers use their s ources and fulfills to purchase advertising space wherever required at the cheapest rate possible. It is thus important to have a very low turnover rate within this department as one of the major ways through which lower rates are gained are through the media buyers contacts. These people also need to be aware of costs with regards to different locations, timings special occasions so that they can act upon it quickly, before the competition.Human Resource Department The Human Resource Department, like any HR dept. at any organization is responsible for the planning and managing of force play within the organization. This department mostly uses internet and websites to satisfy personnel needs, however sometimes newspaper advertisements might also be used.Market Research Department The market research department is constantly in contact with consumers of different clients to understand how, when and why are consumer perceptions changing with regards to new campaigns and changes to br and. They also track brand health and measure equity if the client desires.Finance Department Like with any other organization, the finance department controls all costs and cash associated with the firm at all levels.Market Strategy and USPLowe Rauf follow a differentiation strategy in that their services are slightly expensive than most of the competition, however they make up for it by providing efficient services, that are unequivocally creative as well as the fact that they are one of the fastest agencies in terms of creating campaigns.That is their major differentiating factor as well as the fact that they are highly experienced in FMCG goods and have a very successful portfolio with Surf Excel, Walls, Nestle, etc.USP Their unique selling proposition is the fact that they can create uniquely creative advertisement campaigns within 10 days. monetary StatementsLowe Rauf Income Statement20092010gross revenueRs. 22,145,385Rs. 37,275,400Direct Cost of Sales00Other Production Expe nses00Total Cost of Sales00Gross Margin22,145,38537,275,400Gross Margin %100.00%100.00%ExpensesPayroll9,965,42316,773,930Sales and Marketing and Other Expenses3,321,8085,591,310Depreciation00Leased Equipment00Utilities110,000110,000Insurance00Rent1,110,0001,110,000Payroll Taxes1,494,8132,516,090Other00Total Operating Expenses16,002,04426,101,330 expediency Before Interest and Taxes6,143,34111,174,071EBITDA6,143,34111,174,071Interest Expense491,467893,926Taxes Incurred1,535,8352,793,518Net Profit4,116,0387,486,627Net Profit/Sales18.59%20.08%Source Lowe Rauf, Pakistan (2012). Financial Statements, People, Procedures Manual, pp. 17Lowe Rauf specie Flow Statement20092010 currency ReceivedCash from OperationsCash Sales5,536,3469,318,850Cash from Receivables15,501,77026,092,780Subtotal Cash Received21,038,11635,411,630ExpendituresExpenditures from OperationsCash Spending10,939,82018,414,048 flyer Payments5,890,6729,915,256Subtotal Spent on Operations16,830,49328,329,304Additional Cash SpentLong-term Liabilities Principal Repayment2,100,0002,100,000Purchase Other sure Assets00Purchase Long-term Assets00Subtotal Cash Spent18,930,49330,429,304Net Cash Flow2,107,6234,982,326Cash Balance10,522,86915,505,195Source Lowe Rauf, Pakistan (2012). Financial Statements, People, Procedures Manual, pp. 18Lowe Rauf Balance Sheet20092010AssetsCurrent AssetsCash10,522,86915,505,195Accounts Receivable5,787,5788,527,857Other Current Assets1,331,1001,331,100Total Current Assets17,641,54725,364,152Total Long-term Assets00Total Assets17,641,54725,364,152Liabilities and seat of governmentCurrent LiabilitiesAccounts Payable1,157,5161,705,571Current borrow00Other Current Liabilities00Subtotal Current Liabilities1,157,5161,705,571Long-term Liabilities10,055,68214,457,567Total Liabilities11,213,19716,163,138Paid-in Capital12,700,00012,700,000Retained Earnings2,155,612-3,987,641Earnings4,116,0387,486,627Total Capital6,428,3509,201,014Total Liabilities and Capital17,641,54725,364,152Ne t Worth6,428,3509,201,014Source Lowe Rauf, Pakistan (2012). Financial Statements, People, Procedures Manual, pp. 19Chapter III Industry CompetitorsLocal IndustryPakistans media network has gained new benchmarks as compared to yesteryears. Once being an agriculturally dominated, Pakistan has substantial in this aspect. Cable and television being accessible to wherever there is electricity and road side billboards being the hub of advertisement. Be it radio, television, billboards or internet, advertisement market of Pakistan has expanded its outreach whereby it is now creating alliance with celebrities from overseas and setting aside endorsements as per the requirement of the current times. This opportunity of hiring non- Pakistani celebrities for brand image reaches new popularity levels that were previously held by Pakistani entertainers. Pakistan is increasingly following in the footsteps of the Western world by adopting a celebrity driven culture where latest trends, fashion s and ideas are sculptured after various celebrities. History is witness to the fact that investments in celebrity endorsements in Pakistan have increased rapidly in the last decade or so hence increasing the quality of competition as well promoting innovation in marketing strategies as well as product development.This string of events have allowed Pakistan to grow in the positive direction hence creating awareness and increasing knowledge of the general public by means of massive advertisement projects in relation to gaining total strength of the consumer population. Huge investments require similar increases in revenue.Brand image once embossed within the consumers then the companies get their safe haven until they reap the fruit of their own mistakes. Thus companies are increasingly using celebrities to endorse their brands by either publicly using their product or appearing in advertisements for said products.The aim is to increase sales of the product by getting consumers to change their purchase behavior and buying more(prenominal) of the product (either by consuming it in great quantity or buying more of the product). However celebrity endorsement does not automatically warrantee greater success, nor is the effectiveness same for every brand of a particular celebrity.Thus it becomes important for organizations to understand how celebrity endorsement affects their brand. The purpose of this thesis is to study the impact that celebrity endorsement has on a brand as well as the factors that determine the effectiveness of the endorsement for the brand in order to maintain successful brand recognition.Competitor AnalysisThe local Pakistani advertising industry is brimming with a multitude of advertising agencies and each day it seems a new one is opening up around the corner. However, most of the top agencies in Pakistan have been around for decades and have a stable client base with which they operate and conduct their business with.Orient McCann McCan n-Erickson is an affiliate of the Interpublic Group of Companies and is a multinational advertising agency with some of the largest and lucrative clients in the world. McCann Erickson combine with a local corporation, Orient in 1996 to form Orient McCann in Pakistan. It soon established itself as one of the best agencies in Pakistan and currently has the highest market share with major clients as Habib Bank, KFC and LOreal.Synergy advertisement Synergy Advertising has made a name for itself in recent years by winsome the award for the best print advertisements in Pakistan. It has also gained strides by roping in Moiblink as its client along with Engro Polymer and NBP. Synergy is the second largest advertising service in Pakistan today.JWT JWT, another international company with significant backing has been in the industry for over 20 years and has some of the most loyal client base in the industry. JWT prides itself on providing discounts and other deals to its clients, which are unmatched in the industry. Its major clients include Bank Alfalah and Asiatic Bank.Interflow Interflow was established in Pakistan in 1979 and was ab initio slow to get off the ground. However over the last 10 years it has consistently performed well and with international clients such as Samsung and LG, it continues to build its reputation in the market.Manhattan International Manhattan International is one of the few advertising agencies, certainly the only recognizable agency in Pakistan that is actively affiliated with its international office. to the highest degree other agencies, including Lowe Rauf are independent organizations with the same set of rules and principles however Manhattans strongest point is that it can take the help of its international counterparts for campaigns and that is why they are strong in Pakistan, even though they have been here for a very short duration. Their biggest client at the moment is PIA.Pak Media Com Pak Media Coms claim to fame has bee n one intensely popular campaign that has made them famous on the circuit. That campaign is the recent Ufone advertisements which have taken the industry by storm. Deemed to be the most recognizable and most appreciated advertisements amongst teenagers and raw adults, these advertisements have put Pak Media Com on the map.Midas Midas has started relatively recently in Pakistan and has been able to get the Indus Motor Company as their clients, along with a recent contract with Samsung post 2012, once their partnership with Interflow expires. This has made them a prominent player in Pakistans increasingly competitive advertising landscape.Evernew Entertainment Evernew Entertainment has been around for over 20 years but has slowly seen a decline in its client base with the emergence of new players in the industry. It still has a few significant clients, such as Dawlance, which make them a worthy competition even now.Mindshare Pakistan Just like Evernew, Mindshare has also been in oper ation for a long time but has a dwindling client base, however with Nokia still in their portfolio, they are deemed significant enough by the other agencies.Argus Advertising Argus Advertising is not a large firm (as compared to the others on this list) but they have a very large, very profitable client in Sony. Although their client base is limited, the presence of Sony in their portfolio has been the envy of many Pakistani advertising agencies.Competitor Form SheetSource Lowe Rauf, Pakistan (2012). Financial Statements, People, Procedures Manual, pp. 21Financial Ratio analogyLowe Rauf with Argus Ever newRatio AnalysisLowe RaufArgusEvernewSales Growth9.60%7.20%11.40%Percent of Total AssetsAccounts Receivable32.17%42.06%35.75%Other Current Assets7.20%5.74%3.41%Total Current Assets100.00%100.00%100.00%Total Assets100.00%100.00%100.00%Current Liabilities5.89%6.46%5.42%Long-term Liabilities57.60%34.46%13.63%Total Liabilities63.49%40.93%19.05%Net Worth36.51%59.07%80.95%Percent of SalesSales100.00%100.00%100.00%Gross Margin100.00%100.00%100.00%Selling, General Administrative Expenses106.55%85.91%74.60%Advertising Expenses21.25%16.22%15.09%Profit Before Interest and Taxes-2.60%22.01%37.23%Main RatiosCurrent16.9715.4718.45Quick16.9715.4718.45Total Debt to Total Assets63.49%40.93%19.05%Return on Net Worth-29.16%72.40%80.99%Return on Assets-10.65%42.77%65.56%Additional Ratios course of instruction 1Year 2Year 3Net Profit Margin-6.55%14.09%25.40%Return on Equity-29.16%50.68%56.69%Activity RatiosAccounts Receivable Turnover3.794.62.9Collection Days567882Accounts Payable Turnover12.0512.1712.3Payment Days272629Total Asset Turnover1.632.131.81Source Lowe Rauf, Pakistan (2012). Financial Statements, People, Procedures Manual, pp. 17Chapter IV Literature ReviewLiterature OverviewFrom a marketing perspective, it is important to understand each and every aspect that has an impact on the brand (and product). because there are innumerable studies that have dedicate th emselves to understanding the factors that lead to an increase in marketing effectiveness and leading to the ultimate aim of greater purchases and greater brand equity.Celebrity endorsement is one such factor that impacts purchase behavior and as such there have been studies that have been dedicated to not only studying the impact of this variable but also how it can be utilized to increase marketing effectiveness as well as the precautions that must be taken into account. The following reviews consist of studies relevant to this study.Celebrity Endorsement Hidden Factors to SuccessT

Persuasive Speech Dont Eat Fast Food

Persuasive Speech Dont Eat ready nourishment solicitude gather Do you kip down that unbendableing nutriment git lead to some serious illnesses such as heart attack and lack of susceptibility? As we have that fast intellectual nourishment is a very important meal in the America, and a quarter of the American suffer from it sickness accept and some of them even die?Tie to the audience fast food is part of our today. We like fast food mainly is because it is convenience and easily available. On top of that is tastyThesis and preview many of us know that fast food is not good but we do not know how bad it is. directly I would like to persuade my audience to stop exhausting fast food. I will show what is in fast food, what can it do to our em frame and how we can prevent it.BodyFirst point chuck out food is bad because it contains chemical flavor-this means that junk food is very poor in nutrition The prep be part is definitely added with preservatives to make it start and preservative is very harmful to our health. Pre-prep ared fast food has bewildered its original taste and needed to be added with flavor to enhance its taste According to Eric Schlosser (2001, in his best seller book authorize Fast Food Nation The Dark Side of the All-American Meal, he says that unsloped about every the food in a fast food industry is processed so more of the flavor is destroyed. Eric Schlosser likewise said that fast food is heavy on fat, salt and sugar, and reduced nutrient.Second point junk food is varicose from it uses of too much of oil.-fast food need to be fast cook and lots of oil are needed Fat and calories are difficult to persist in our personate and undigested fat and calories will be accumulated in our body to cause too much oil in our body-The Star newspaper field of studyed in A overlarge Fat Problem (2009) by Priya Kulasagran says that government worldwide are bracing themselves for an obesity pestilential soon. This condition can pote ntially lead to a cut back of health problems such as heart disease, diabetes and even premature death.Third point junk food causes health problems Fat and calories are difficult to digest in our body and undigested fat and calories will be accumulated in our body to cause too much oil in our body.like diabetes and obesity The Star newspaper reported in A Big Fat Problem (2009) by Priya Kulasagran says that government worldwide are bracing themselves for an obesity epidemic soon.-if we do not avoid it now, our children will suffer in the futurity-this fact is in any case available in Erics book the one you show me last night about 200,000 in hospital and in 10 years it will reached about 511,000 which is the population of Southern MalaysiaSolutionwe need to visualize our consumption of fast food to balance our nutrition by eating more nutritional and subjective food. For example, milk, chess, salad, and many more.ConclusionConvince my audience to stop eating fast food and eat m ore natural food to protect our health and futureFast food is becoming part of our life in the modern society. Due to convenience and rushing for time, many of us are now depending on fast food for our meal. Also, fast food is at almost anywhere, shopping center, high way, even airport, to make it so easily access that we all pay off it very convenience. Added with their delivery services and fast services, it is not only convenient but also fast to save times when we are in the rush. we all eat fast food because it is convenient and tasty, and we are also attracted to lots of promotion and free gifts, but we do not know that every flimflam we take, we are risking our life. Many of us know that fast food is not good to our health but we do not know how bad it is. Today I would like to persuade my audience to stop eating fast food as the harmful ingredient in fast food.Fast food is known as junk food due to its lack of nutrition and too much chemical flavor that are harmful to our health. Most of the fast food are pre-prepared and then go through a simple process to speed up their services. The prepare part is definitely added with preservatives to make it last and it is very harmful to our health. Without preservatives, the pre-prepare food will be easily spoiled and never last. Preservative is toxin that can and caused cancer and is acidic to harm our health.During process, flavor is also added to make fast food tastier. Unlike freshly cook food, where we maintain its original taste. Pre-prepared fast food has lost its original taste and needed to be added with flavor to enhance its taste. According to Eric Schlosser (2006), in his best seller book entitled Fast Food Nation The Dark Side of the All-American Meal, he says that just about all the food in a fast food industry is processed so much of the flavor is destroyed. Eric Schlosser also said that fast food is heavy on fat, salt and sugar, and reduced nutrient.Most flavors in fast food are made from chem ical. The tastier it is, the more chemical is needed. We all know that food added with chemical is very harmful to our health. Too much chemical processed food can caused cancer. Some chemical flavor can caused our fuzz to drop, affect our skin structure, deteriorate our organs function and affect our body cell. All these will slowly kill our health. Eric schlosser reported in his book entitled Fast food Nation (2006) that about 200,000 people are sickened by food borne disease in the United State. About 900 are hospitalized and fourteen die. If Eric Schloeers report is true, in 10 years we will see about 511,000 people will die from food borne disease which is equal to the population of Southern Malaysia.Fast food is also fast cook. In order to cook fast, too much oil is needed. Therefore, fast food is very oily because too much oil is being absorbed into the food. When we eat fast food, we are actually eating oil. We all know that oil contains very high fat and calories, and these are the main cause of obesity. Fat and calories are difficult to digest in our body and undigested fat and calories will be accumulated in our body to cause too much oil in our body. Obesity is caused by too much fat in our body. The According to the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) more than a quarter of the American population suffers a bout of food poisoning each year. Star newspaper reported in A Big Fat Problem (2009) by Priya Kulasagran says that government worldwide are bracing themselves for an obesity epidemic soon. This condition can potentially lead to a range of health problems such as heart disease, diabetes and even premature deathObesity is the main cause to many health problems. It can affect our muscles, parenthood circulation, lung and kidney. Once our blood circulation is being affected, many other health problems will happen. For example, heart problem and lack of energyOur lives today cannot live without fast food. They are too easily available . And they are tasty and fast delivered. But too much fast food is definitely not good for our health. So, we need to control our consumption of fast food to balance our nutrition by eating more nutritional and natural food. For example, milk, chess, salad, and many more. With that we can live a comfortable, yearlong and healthier life.And there you have it. There for, for the better of our health and life, i strongly suggest my audience to stop eating fast food and eat more natural food to balance our nutrition and protect our health and future.

Great Gatsby :: essays papers

Great Gatsby 3Write an essay about the spirit and bring of Nick Carraway.Despite the title, Nick Carraway is the world-class character we meet, andappropriately his role in The Great Gatsby is crucial without him thestory would lack balance and insight. The first chapter is in the first placededicated in establishing his personality and position in the book, thenmoving on to Tom and Daisy. Nick is our guide, path finderin The Great Gatsby he relates the story as he has seen it and from whatothers control told him. He strives at all times to be objective, hiscomments are balanced, as he says just in the first page of thebook Im inclined to reserve all judgements.His objectivity is reinforced throughout to us by his scorn ofGatsby he exhaustively disapproves of him herepresented everything for which I have unaffected scorn. Yetthere is something some heightened sensitivity to thepromises of life, an extraordinary gift for hopethat is mesmeric to Nick, and requires him to make s everal attempts atdescribing it. He registers contempt for more of what Gatsby standsfor the falseness, the criminality, but still he likes him. Hisability to laugh at Gatsby and his false airs What was that? . . .The trope of Oxford? shows hes neither charmed nor whollydisgusted by Gatsby. Nick sees him as the best of a rottencrowd, his approval is unendingly relative compared to Tom andDaisy his dream like innocence is attractive, though twisted into animpossible goal and only nearly achieved by criminality. But compared toToms ruthless attitude to Myrtle and Wilson, Daisyscareless abandonment of Gatsby and ultimately their complete inability tosee their wrong if you think I didnt have my shareof suffering . . . I sat down and cried like a baby putGatsby in a much fairer light. As Nick says, Gatsby was expenditure thewhole damn bunch put together.His amusingly contemptuous remarks show his sense of humour, and althoughhe is straight-laced, we are not bored by him. We are told of hisage thirty, which makes us take his opinions seriously, as he isnot some immature unworldly man.Nick is introduced directly, but Gatsby remains a distant character for agood while. The establishment of Nicks reflective, tolerantpersonality is essential, as are his limitations, so we dont justdismiss him as Fitzgeralds mouthpiece. The fact that hedisapproves of Gatsby so early on, helps us to go along with hisjudgements when he tells us of Gatsby and unfolds the story.Our first mysterious glimpse of Gatsby prepares us for much of what is to

Ineffective Argument in Jessica Statskys Essay, Children need to Play,

Jessica Statsky, in her essay, Children need to Play, Not Compete attempts to refute the common belief that organize sports are inviolable for children. She sees organized sports not as healthy pass-times for children, but as onerous tasks that children do not truly enjoy. She also notes that not only are organized sports not enjoyable for children, they may cause irreparable harm to the children, both emotionally and physically. In her thesis statement, Statsky states, When overzealous parents and coaches impose adult standards on childrens sports, the run can be activities that are neither satisfying nor beneficial to children (627). While this statement is strong, her defense of it is weak.One of the assumptions Statsky makes is that, One readily understandable danger of likewise competitive sports is that they entice children into physical actions that are defective for growing bodies (627). This statement rests on the assumption that children would not perform any phy sical actions that are bad for growing bodies (Statsky 627) without organized competitive sports. This is simply untrue. Children jump from swings, climb trees, skateboard, pop wheelies and otherwise put themselves in physical peril with alarming regularity. Childrens unloosen and unorganized play often results in broken bones and stitches, even for the most timid children.Statsky also makes another faulty assumption, which is that competition is an adult imposition on the world of childrens play. She says in her article, The primary goal of a professional athlete winning is not appropriate for children (629). Children compete to win in the same way that adults do, and they do so on their own without any adult pressure. Common playground gam... ...petitive sports can cause lasting harm and nurture no benefits for these children (Statsky 627), then examples of how childhood competition negatively affected individuals years after the fact would go a long way to proving her accusation. As Statskys thesis rests on the assumption that adult imposition of competition and organization in childrens sports makes the games neither satisfactory nor beneficial to the children, then lack of benefit must be shown along with lack of satisfaction. The existence of unsatisfied child athletes in organized sports is no indication that children are somehow unsuited to competition and team sports. whole kit CitedStatsky, Jessica. Children Need to Play, Not Compete. Reading Critically Writing Well A Reader and Guide. Ed. Rise B. Axelrod, Charles R. Cooper, and Allison M. Warriner. 7th ed. Boston Bedford, 2005. 627-631.